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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.5K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.5K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.7K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.7K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.7K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.7K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

20.9K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.9K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.4K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.6K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Solid Electrolyte Interphase Structure Regulated by Functional Electrolyte Additive for Enhancing Li Metal Anode

Hui Chen1, Yu-Xiang Xie1, Shi-Shi Liu1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new functional electrolyte additive, PANHF, effectively prevents lithium dendrite growth in high energy density batteries. This bipolymer additive enhances cycling stability and capacity retention for next-generation lithium metal batteries.

Keywords:
Li deposition/dissolution reactionLi metal anodeelectrolyte additivespolymerizationsolid electrolyte interphase

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Lithium (Li) metal anodes are crucial for high energy density batteries but suffer from Li dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers.
  • These issues limit the safety and cycle life of Li metal batteries, hindering their commercialization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate a novel functional electrolyte additive, PANHF, for improving Li metal anode performance.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which PANHF enhances the stability of the Li metal anode and its solid electrolyte interphase.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PANHF via polymerization of acrylonitrile and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate.
  • Electrochemical characterization of Li/Li cells and Li/NCM811 cells with PANHF-containing electrolytes.
  • Analytical characterization of the solid electrolyte interphase formed in the presence of PANHF.

Main Results:

  • PANHF significantly improves the reversibility and Coulombic efficiency of Li deposition/dissolution.
  • PANHF effectively suppresses Li dendrite growth by forming a dual-layer SEI (organic outer, LiF inner).
  • Li/Li cells with 0.5 wt% PANHF achieved over 700 cycles at 1.0 mA cm⁻², and Li/NCM811 cells showed 83.41% capacity retention after 200 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • PANHF is a highly effective functional electrolyte additive for stabilizing Li metal anodes.
  • The bipolymer additive strategy offers a promising route for developing next-generation high-performance and safe Li metal batteries.