Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Machines: Problem Solving I01:22

Machines: Problem Solving I

349
A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
349
Electromotive Force01:02

Electromotive Force

4.6K
Electromotive force (emf) is the force that causes current to flow from a higher to a lower  potential. The term "electromotive force" is used for historical reasons, even though emf is not a force at all.
Any circuit with a constant current must contain an emf-producing source. Examples of emf sources include batteries, electric generators, solar cells, thermocouples, and fuel cells. All these sources transform energy of some kind (mechanical, chemical, thermal, and so on)...
4.6K
Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

4.0K
Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
4.0K
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

373
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
373
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

1.2K
When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's...
1.2K
Clamper Circuit01:14

Clamper Circuit

466
A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
466

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Competitive Inhibition as a Tool to Modulate and Predict Dynamic Hydrogel Mechanics.

ACS central science·2026
Same author

A Modular Route toward Macromer-Based Dynamic Gels via Prebonded Boronic Ester Cross-Links.

ACS macro letters·2025
Same author

Effective Recycling Pathways of Commodity Polymers Enabled by Mechanoradical Capture.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Morphogenetic Metals through Topology-Driven Stiffness Changes and Electrochemical Activation.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Poly(siloxane)-Derived Ionosilicone Elastomers Reveal the Role of Interfacial Polymer Dynamics in Ionic Double-Layer Rectification.

ACS macro letters·2025
Same author

Achieving animal endurance in robots through advanced energy storage.

Science robotics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
10:32

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Published on: February 1, 2016

33.7K

A Low-Voltage, High-Force Capacity Electroadhesive Clutch Based on Ionoelastomer Heterojunctions.

D J Levine1, O A Lee2, G M Campbell1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New ionoelastomer clutches offer strong, low-voltage adhesion and easy detachment. These advanced electroadhesives are small, powerful, and suitable for wearables and adjustable mounts.

Keywords:
clutcheselectroadhesiveshapticsionoelastomersstiffness programming

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.0K
Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
10:32

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Published on: February 1, 2016

33.7K
Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.0K
Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Dielectric electroadhesives require high voltages and are prone to breakdown.
  • Ionoelastomer heterojunctions offer low-voltage adhesion but have limited force capacity and high detachment forces.
  • A significant challenge exists in developing electroadhesives with high force capacity and programmable detachment at low voltages (<10 V).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer novel electroadhesive clutches with large force capacities and programmable detachment at low operating voltages.
  • To synthesize tough ionoelastomer/metal mesh composites with controlled surface roughness and low surface energies.
  • To develop models explaining the influence of clutch compliance and surface texture on force capacity and contact area.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tough ionoelastomer/metal mesh composites.
  • Controlled surface roughness engineering.
  • Modeling based on fracture and contact mechanics.
  • Experimental validation across different geometries and voltages.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sub-ten-volt electroadhesive clutches (<10 V) with high strength and easy detachability.
  • Demonstrated fivefold improvement in force capacity per unit area (102 N cm⁻²) compared to existing electroadhesive clutches.
  • Reduced operating voltage by 40-fold (± 7.5 V).

Conclusions:

  • The developed ionoelastomer clutches represent a significant advancement in electroadhesive technology.
  • These clutches exhibit superior performance in terms of force capacity, operating voltage, and detachability.
  • Demonstrated practical applications in a finger wearable and an adjustable phone mount, highlighting their versatility.