Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

16
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
16
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

14
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
14
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.6K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.6K
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

15
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
15
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

15
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
15
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.4K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optimal serum potassium concentrations in heart failure: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

The Genetics of Iron Metabolism on Biochemical and Hematological Phenotypes of Heart Failure.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Guideline-recommended medical therapy efficacy according to use of digoxin: RALES, EMPHASIS-HF, PARADIGM-HF, and DAPA-HF trials.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

Hypertensive Heart Disease and HFpEF: What We Have Learned in the Last Decade.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same author

Comparative Prognosis of Chagas and Other Cardiomyopathies.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: insights from GALACTIC-HF.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same journal

Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Sacubitril/Valsartan in Octogenarian Patients With Heart Failure: Results From the PARACHUTER Study.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same journal

ECG-Guided Conduction Pathways as a Lever to Shorten Post-TAVI Hospitalization.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same journal

Cystatin-C versus creatinine and kidney function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a SOGALDI-PEF analysis.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same journal

Balloon-expandable versus Self-expanding Valves in Patients with Small Aortic Annuli Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same journal

Drug-Coated Balloons versus Drug-Eluting Stents following Coronary Atherectomy in Severely Calcified Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
Same journal

Prehospital Statin Therapy and Outcomes in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

The American journal of cardiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.0K

Supra-Normal Left Ventricular Function.

Ryohei Ono1, Luiz Menezes Falcão2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure with supra-normal ejection fraction (HFsnEF) is a newly proposed HF category. This review explores its definition, pathophysiology, and prognosis, highlighting potential risks and unique patient characteristics.

Keywords:
HFpEFheart failureleft ventricular ejection fractionsupra-normal

More Related Videos

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

2.9K
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

21.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.0K
Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

2.9K
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats
08:09

Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Anatomy and Function in Adult Rats

Published on: December 13, 2019

21.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is typically classified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
  • A novel HF classification, HF with supra-normal ejection fraction (HFsnEF) (LVEF >65%), has been proposed.
  • Existing data suggests HFsnEF may be linked to increased adverse cardiovascular events and U-shaped mortality.

Conclusions:

  • HFsnEF represents a distinct HF phenotype with unique characteristics and potential risks.
  • Further research is needed to fully establish the prognosis and optimal management of HFsnEF.
  • Understanding HFsnEF is crucial for accurate diagnosis and risk stratification in specific patient populations.