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PET reporter systems for the brain.

Sridhar Goud Nerella1, Michael Michaelides2, Takafumi Minamimoto3

  • 1Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Trends in Neurosciences
|September 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Positron emission tomography (PET) offers noninvasive brain protein monitoring for mental health and therapy assessment. Developing PET reporter systems requires radiotracers with excellent central nervous system penetration and target selectivity.

Keywords:
PET imagingPET tracercentral nervous systemgene therapiesreporter probesstem cell therapies

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) enables noninvasive in vivo monitoring of protein expression in the brain.
  • PET imaging is crucial for tracking biomarkers in mental health disorders and evaluating therapeutic interventions like stem cell and genetic therapies.
  • The effectiveness of PET monitoring hinges on radiotracers with superior central nervous system (CNS) penetration and target protein selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current PET imaging methods for visualizing reporter proteins and protein function.
  • To focus on engineered systems for PET imaging.
  • To discuss future strategies for developing highly sensitive and specific PET reporter systems for brain applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing PET imaging techniques.
  • Evaluation of engineered systems for reporter protein visualization.
  • Analysis of radiotracer properties for CNS penetration and target selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Existing PET methods allow for in vivo visualization of reporter proteins and protein function.
  • Engineered systems show promise but require further development.
  • Key challenges include achieving high CNS penetration and target specificity for radiotracers.

Conclusions:

  • PET is a valuable tool for longitudinal brain monitoring in research and clinical settings.
  • Advancements in radiotracer design are essential for improving PET reporter system sensitivity and specificity.
  • Future research should focus on developing novel engineered systems and optimizing radiotracers for enhanced brain PET imaging.