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Stage-specific genotype-by-environment interactions determine yield components in wheat.

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Environmental fluctuations significantly impact winter wheat yield components, especially during spike and kernel development. Understanding these genotype-by-environment interactions is crucial for crop breeding and modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Environmental fluctuations influence cereal crop physiology and yield component formation.
  • Cultivar-specific phenology complicates understanding genotype-by-environment interactions.
  • Previous studies yield contradictory results on critical phases affecting wheat yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissect genotype-by-environment interactions affecting winter wheat grain yield.
  • To quantify yield component sensitivity to radiation, temperature, and precipitation variations.
  • To identify critical developmental phases and their interactions with environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 220 winter wheat cultivars across 81 time-windows from double ridge to seed desiccation.
  • Estimated sensitivity of yield components to variations in global radiation, temperature, and precipitation.
  • Analyzed phenologically dependent, stage-specific genotype-by-environment interactions.

Main Results:

  • Environmental sensitivity was most prominent during spike and kernel development subphases.
  • Identified stage-specific genotype-by-environment interactions linked to phenology.
  • Revealed previously undetected effects, such as positive radiation impact on kernel weight during senescence.

Conclusions:

  • Genotype-by-environment interactions significantly influence winter wheat yield formation.
  • Phenology critically modulates environmental impacts on yield components.
  • Provides insights for optimizing winter wheat breeding and crop modeling strategies.