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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
Development and psychometric validation of the gum health experience questionnaire
T Broomhead1, B J Gibson1, C Parkinson2
1Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Aim:
To develop and validate a new health-related quality of life measure to capture a wide range of gum-related impacts.
Materials And Methods:
The measure was developed using a multi-stage approach and a theoretical model. Development involved semi-structured interviews, pilot testing, cross-sectional analysis among a general population (n = 152) to assess psychometric properties and test-retest reliability among a subsample (n = 27).
Results:
Psychometric analysis supports the validity and reliability of the measure's impact scale. The measure has excellent internal reliability (nearly all item-total correlations above .4; Cronbach's alpha between .84 and .91 for subscales), with test-retest reliability also performing well (Intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] of .91-.97 for subscales). Good content validity (indicated by large standard deviations for item and total scores) and construct validity (correlations of .54-.73 with global gum health rating for subscales, all p < .05) were also observed. Qualitative and quantitative data indicate that people with gum health-related symptoms experience different degrees of discomfort and impacts caused by their condition.
Conclusions:
The gum health experience questionnaire holds substantial promise as a measure of gum-related quality of life in people across the gum health-disease continuum. Further face validity, refining and reducing the number of items and longitudinal studies to test evaluative properties are required before the measure can be used with confidence.
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