Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.0K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.0K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

38.4K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.4K
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

2.7K
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
2.7K
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

3.4K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
3.4K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

2.7K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
2.7K
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

4.7K
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Duck hepatitis B virus integrations in LMH chicken hepatoma cells: identification and characterization of new episomally derived integrations.

Journal of virology·1995
Same author

Automated assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity with the COBAS FARA II.

Clinical chemistry·1995
Same author

The Claviceps purpurea gene encoding dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the committed step for ergot alkaloid biosynthesis.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·1995
Same author

Direct effects of smooth muscle relaxation and contraction on in vivo human brachial artery elastic properties.

Circulation research·1995
Same author

Yeast two-hybrid system demonstrates that estrogen receptor dimerization is ligand-dependent in vivo.

The Journal of biological chemistry·1995
Same author

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of novel Fe(III), Co(II), and Zn(II) complexes with norfloxacin.

Journal of inorganic biochemistry·1995

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

6.2K

Force-Loaded Cementocytes Regulate Osteoclastogenesis via S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 Axis.

H Wang1, T Li1,2, Y Jiang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Journal of Dental Research
|September 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a complication of orthodontic treatment. This study reveals the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway in cementocytes regulates osteoclasts, offering a potential therapeutic target for OIIRR.

Keywords:
cell communicationdental cementummechanical stressosteoclastsroot resorption, orthodontics

More Related Videos

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

13.2K
Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2025

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

6.2K
A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

13.2K
Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a significant complication of orthodontic treatment, impacting tooth longevity.
  • The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms driving OIIRR are not fully understood.
  • Cementocytes, mechanosensitive cells in cementum, are implicated in influencing local osteoclast activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway in cementocytes during orthodontic tooth movement and OIIRR.
  • To elucidate the intercellular communication mechanisms between cementocytes and osteoclasts in the context of mechanical stress.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for mitigating OIIRR.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized IDG-CM6 cementocytes subjected to varying magnitudes of compressive force.
  • Analyzed S1P synthesis and secretion in response to mechanical loading.
  • Employed conditioned media from loaded cementocytes to assess communication with osteoclasts.
  • Investigated the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis through selective knockdown and pharmacological inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Higher compression force stimulated S1P synthesis and secretion in cementocytes, while lower force reduced it.
  • Confirmed cell-to-cell communication between force-loaded cementocytes and osteoclasts.
  • Demonstrated that S1PR1 and Rac1 knockdown affects cementocyte-driven osteoclastogenesis via the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis.
  • Inhibitors targeting the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis significantly reduced or prevented OIIRR in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • The S1P signaling pathway in cementocytes plays a critical role in regulating osteoclast activity under mechanical stress.
  • Intercellular communication between cementocytes and osteoclasts, mediated by the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis, is a key factor in OIIRR.
  • Targeting this axis presents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing OIIRR and preserving tooth integrity during orthodontic treatment.