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Opioid Misuse and Associated Health Risks among Adults on Probation and Parole: Prevalence and Correlates 2015-2020
Maria Morrison1, Audrey Hang Hai2, Yohita Shraddha Bandaru1
1Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Substance Use & Misuse
|September 22, 2023
Summary
Individuals under criminal justice supervision show high rates of opioid misuse, four times that of the general population. This is linked to increased risks for substance use disorder and mental health issues.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Criminology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Limited understanding of community-based criminal justice supervision service needs.
- High disease, disability, and mortality rates observed in this population.
- Opioid misuse is a significant health risk, potentially one of multiple epidemics.
Purpose of the Study:
- Examine opioid misuse prevalence in individuals on probation or parole.
- Investigate associations between opioid misuse and other health risks in this population.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 2015-2020 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data.
- Inclusion of 5154 individuals under community supervision (probation/parole).
- Logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic factors and survey year.
Main Results:
- 17% of individuals on probation/parole reported past-year opioid misuse (4x general population rate).
- Opioid misuse associated with significantly higher odds of marijuana, cocaine use, and substance use disorder.
- Increased odds of major depressive episodes and serious psychological distress observed.
Conclusions:
- High risk of opioid misuse and associated behavioral/mental health problems in supervised populations.
- Complex health needs necessitate greater policy attention and research.
- Need for integrated interventions addressing co-occurring substance use and mental health conditions.
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