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Transcription01:10

Transcription

147.1K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
147.1K
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

5.7K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
5.7K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.2K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.2K
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

18.8K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
18.8K
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

7.3K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.3K
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

41
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
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Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

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The plant noncoding transcriptome: a versatile environmental sensor.

Uciel Chorostecki1, Nicolas G Bologna2, Federico Ariel3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.

The EMBO Journal
|September 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for development and environmental responses. This review explores how ncRNAs, including long and small RNAs, adapt to environmental cues, impacting plant resilience.

Keywords:
RNA structurelong noncoding RNAsplant noncoding genomeplant-environment interactionssmall RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Plant noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in regulating developmental plasticity.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence plant development and stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the relationship between plant noncoding RNA transcripts and environmental cues.
  • To highlight the functional significance of ncRNAs in plant development and stress adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on plant noncoding RNAs.
  • Analysis of ncRNA types (long and small RNAs) and their environmental modulation.
  • Emphasis on the role of ncRNA secondary structure and ribonucleoprotein complexes.

Main Results:

  • Noncoding RNAs, including long and small RNAs, are modulated by environmental cues.
  • Secondary structure of ncRNAs is critical for their molecular and biological functions.
  • Specific long noncoding RNAs and their partners in ribonucleoprotein complexes are vital for development and stress response.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic noncoding transcription plays a complex role in plant environmental responses.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms and harness ncRNAs for crop resilience.
  • Understanding ncRNA function is key to adapting crops to global warming.