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Aerogel: Lightweight Access Control Framework for WebAssembly-Based Bare-Metal IoT Devices.

Renju Liu1, Luis Garcia2, Mani Srivastava1

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2021 IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing : SEC 2021 : Proceedings : December 14 - 17, 2021, San Jose, California
|September 22, 2023
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Summary
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Aerogel introduces an access control framework for WebAssembly (Wasm) on bare-metal IoT devices. It enhances security for sensors, actuators, and resources without trusting the OS, with minimal overhead.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Embedded Systems
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Decentralized computing on IoT devices is driven by latency, privacy, and security needs.
  • WebAssembly (Wasm) micro-runtimes enable device-independent binaries on IoT devices.
  • Existing Wasm security research overlooks access control for bare-metal, MMU-less IoT devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present Aerogel, an access control framework for bare-metal IoT devices and Wasm runtimes.
  • To address security gaps in peripheral and resource access control.
  • To treat Wasm applications as tenants in a multi-tenant runtime environment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Aerogel, an access control framework for bare-metal IoT devices.
  • Leveraged Wasm's sandboxing for enforcing access control policies.
  • Treated the runtime as a multi-tenant environment with Wasm applications as tenants.
  • Evaluated on a cortex-M4 based development board (nRF52840).

Main Results:

  • Aerogel effectively enforces access control policies for compute resources and peripherals.
  • Runtime overhead introduced by Aerogel ranges from 0.19% to 1.04%.
  • Additional energy consumption ranges from 18.8% to 45.9%.

Conclusions:

  • Aerogel provides essential access control for Wasm on bare-metal IoT devices.
  • The framework enhances security without compromising device performance significantly.
  • Aerogel enables secure, multi-tenant Wasm execution on resource-constrained IoT devices.