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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Neurotrauma: 2023 Update.

David S Priemer1,2,3, Daniel P Perl1,2

  • 1The Department of Defense/Uniformed Services University Brain Tissue Repository, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Free Neuropathology
|September 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research in 2022 advanced understanding of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Key findings include tau pathology in CTE, its rarity in the general population, and potential genetic influences like APOE.

Keywords:
APOEChronic traumatic encephalopathyTDP-43TauTraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Neurotrauma
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research is crucial for understanding associated neuropathologies.
  • Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) remains a significant area of investigation following TBI.
  • Advancements in diagnosis and understanding of CTE were prominent in 2022.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight significant 2022 research in TBI and neuropathology.
  • To emphasize key findings in CTE diagnosis, prevalence, and causation.
  • To discuss experimental TBI models and genetic influences on neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific publications and community studies.
  • Application of epidemiological criteria (Bradford Hill) to assess CTE causation.
  • Analysis of genetic factors (APOE genotypes) and experimental animal models (mouse, swine).

Main Results:

  • CTE is primarily characterized by neuronal phosphorylated tau (ptau), with glial ptau aiding diagnosis.
  • Large studies indicate CTE is uncommon in the general community and military personnel.
  • Evidence supports TBI causation of CTE, with APOE genotype potentially influencing pathology.
  • Experimental models implicated TDP-43 in TBI-related cognitive dysfunction and axonal sodium channel disruption in concussion.

Conclusions:

  • 2022 research significantly advanced the understanding of CTE, its pathology, and prevalence.
  • TBI remains a critical factor in neurodegenerative conditions like CTE.
  • Future research directions include exploring genetic predispositions and cellular mechanisms in TBI neuropathology.