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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Cameroon: Prevalence and Predictors-A Multisetting Community-Based Study.

Massongo Massongo1, Adamou Dodo Balkissou2, Laurent-Mireille Endale Mangamba3,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

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|September 22, 2023
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This study found a 2.9% prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Cameroon. Key predictors included biomass fuel exposure, tuberculosis history, and asthma, highlighting non-traditional risk factors for COPD in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is underdiagnosed in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
  • Limited data exists on COPD prevalence and risk factors within Cameroon.
  • Understanding local epidemiology is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of COPD in Cameroon.
  • To identify independent predictors associated with COPD in the Cameroonian population.
  • To contribute to the understanding of COPD epidemiology in SSA.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted in 4 regions of Cameroon.
  • 5055 adults aged 19+ were randomly selected, with spirometry performed.
  • COPD was defined using Global Lung Initiative (GLI) equations; logistic regression identified predictors.

Main Results:

  • COPD prevalence was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.4-3.3%).
  • Independent predictors included high education, rural/semi-urban living, smoking, biomass fuel exposure, dyspnea, prior tuberculosis, and asthma history.
  • Obesity was found to be a protective factor (aOR=0.3).

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of COPD in Cameroon was found to be relatively low.
  • Biomass fuel exposure, history of tuberculosis, and asthma were confirmed as significant predictors.
  • These findings underscore the importance of non-traditional risk factors in COPD etiology within this region.