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Area of Science:

  • Archaeology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Inferring cognitive differences from Paleolithic material culture is challenging.
  • Complex ancient technologies are often linked to complex cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply computer science methods to analyze Neanderthal cognition through material culture.
  • To compare Neanderthal tar production technologies using Petri net analysis and assess cognitive requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling Neanderthal tar production technologies using Petri nets.
  • Applying three distinct complexity metrics to the modeled production processes.

Main Results:

  • Neanderthal technical cognition appears analogous to that of contemporary modern humans.
  • The method distinguishes high-order cognitive functions (planning, inhibitory control, learning) required by different ancient technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Petri net analysis offers a novel approach to understanding technology and cognitive evolution.
  • This method is applicable across diverse materials, technologies, time periods, and species.