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Retinal Artery and Vein Occlusion Risks after Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination

Hyo Song Park1, Nang Kyeong Lee2, Christopher Seungkyu Lee3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon, South Korea.

Ophthalmology
|September 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Retinal artery and vein occlusions are rare after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. A potential increase in retinal artery occlusion risk was noted in women receiving mRNA-1273 vaccines, but further research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vascular events, including retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO), remains an area of investigation.
  • Understanding the incidence of RAO and RVO following COVID-19 infection or vaccination is crucial for public health and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of new RAO and RVO after COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccination.
  • To compare these incidences with a control population without COVID-19 or vaccination.
  • To analyze risk factors and potential associations with specific vaccine types.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide, population-based cohort study involving over 8.4 million patients.
  • Patients were categorized into three groups: control, COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination.
  • Cumulative incidence was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and hazard ratios (HRs) were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Main Results:

  • No significant increase in RAO or RVO risk was observed in individuals with COVID-19 infection or vaccination compared to the control group in multivariable analyses.
  • Subgroup analyses indicated no increased risk for individuals vaccinated before infection.
  • An elevated RAO HR was observed in women who received mRNA-1273 vaccines (HR 4.65), though the raw incidence was very low.

Conclusions:

  • RAO and RVO are rare events within 60 days of COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccination.
  • The study found no overall increased risk of RAO or RVO associated with COVID-19 or its vaccination.
  • A potential, though rare, increased risk of RAO in women receiving mRNA-1273 vaccines warrants further investigation.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19COVID-19 vaccineRetinal artery occlusionRetinal vein occlusion

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