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Non-Hermitian Waveguide Cavity QED with Tunable Atomic Mirrors.

Wei Nie¹, Tao Shi^2,3, Yu-Xi Liu⁴

¹Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.

Physical Review Letters

|September 22, 2023

Summary

This study introduces an open cavity with atom-dimer mirrors, revealing anti-PT symmetry and a reflection threshold for strong coupling. This work advances quantum optics and computation with novel atomic cavities.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Optics
Non-Hermitian Physics
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

Background:

Optical cavities are fundamental in quantum optics, but photon loss from imperfect mirrors limits their performance.
Open cavities with tunable properties are crucial for exploring novel quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate an open cavity utilizing atom-dimer mirrors with a tunable reflection spectrum.
To explore the non-Hermitian properties, specifically anti-PT symmetry, of such an atomic cavity.
To identify criteria for achieving strong coherent coupling between the cavity and atoms.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of an open cavity with atom-dimer mirrors.
Analysis of anti-PT symmetry and phase transitions governed by atomic couplings.
Investigation of cavity quantum electrodynamics with a probe atom.

Main Results:

The atomic cavity exhibits anti-PT symmetry, with a phase transition leading to two degenerate cavity supermodes.
A critical reflection threshold for the atomic mirrors was identified, essential for strong coherent cavity-atom coupling.
Mirror-tuned properties were observed in cavity quantum electrodynamics, including the formation of reflection-dependent polaritons.

Conclusions:

The study presents a non-Hermitian theory for an anti-PT atomic cavity, offering a new paradigm for cavity design.
The identified reflection threshold provides a criterion for constructing high-quality atomic mirrors.
The findings suggest potential applications in quantum optics and quantum computation.