Recent advances in chitosan-based materials; The synthesis, modifications and biomedical applications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Chitosan, a natural polymer derived from seafood waste, is gaining attention for its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial properties.
• Its reactive amino and hydroxyl groups enable diverse modifications and applications in biomedical fields.
• Growing interest in sustainable and biodegradable materials fuels research into chitosan derivatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of chitosan-based materials and their fabrication techniques.
• To summarize recent advancements in modifying chitosan for enhanced properties.
• To highlight the diverse biomedical applications of various chitosan-based material forms.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on chitosan modification techniques.
• Categorization of modifications based on reactive groups (hydroxyl and amino).
• Analysis of different chitosan material forms (films, nanoparticles, sponges, hydrogels).

Main Results:

• Various chemical modifications like etherification, esterification, acetylation, and quaternization enhance chitosan's utility.
• Chitosan-based materials, including thin films, nanocomposites, nanoparticles, sponges, and hydrogels, are fabricated using diverse techniques.
• These materials demonstrate significant potential in biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing.

Conclusions:

• Chitosan and its derivatives are versatile biomaterials with broad biomedical potential.
• Advanced modification techniques are crucial for tailoring chitosan properties for specific applications.
• Continued research into chitosan-based materials promises further innovation in healthcare solutions.