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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
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Responses to Drought and Flooding02:41

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Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
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The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
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Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
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Increased aerosol scattering contributes to the recent monsoon rainfall decrease over the Gangetic Plain.

Tong Ying1, Jing Li1, Zhongjing Jiang2

  • 1Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Science Bulletin
|September 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Changes in aerosol composition, specifically increased scattering aerosols, are linked to decreased monsoon rainfall in northern India. This shift, indicated by rising single scattering albedo (SSA), cools the atmosphere and reduces precipitation.

Keywords:
Aerosol radiative effectAerosol single scattering albedoAerosol-precipitation interactionsSouth Asian summer monsoon

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Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • Atmospheric aerosols have uncertain climate effects due to varying scattering and absorbing properties.
  • The relative proportions of scattering and absorbing aerosols critically influence the overall aerosol climate impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of changing aerosol fractions in the decline of monsoon precipitation over northern India since the 1980s.
  • To analyze the impact of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) on atmospheric cooling and convection.

Main Methods:

  • Combined observational data and global climate model simulations.
  • Analyzed changes in aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) over northern India.
  • Examined the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-model-mean historical simulations.

Main Results:

  • Increased aerosol scattering (higher SSA) significantly correlates with reduced monsoon precipitation over northern India, particularly the Gangetic Basin.
  • A rise in SSA leads to upper atmospheric cooling, suppressing vertical convection and subsequently decreasing rainfall.
  • Climate models often fail to capture the observed SSA increase, contributing to simulated precipitation trend biases.

Conclusions:

  • Shifts in the aerosol scattering-to-absorbing ratio are a key driver of observed precipitation decreases in northern Indian monsoons.
  • Accurate representation of aerosol SSA changes is crucial for reliable climate model simulations of regional precipitation trends.