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Does orthognathic surgery affect mandibular condyle position? A retrospective study.

Bronislava Dvoranova1, Michal Vavro2, Ladislav Czako2

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia. bronislava.dvoranova@fmed.uniba.sk.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|September 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Orthognathic surgery, including bimaxillary procedures and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), moderately impacts mandibular condyle position, particularly affecting transversal axis rotation. Further research is needed to fully understand these condylar changes after surgical correction.

Keywords:
Bicortical screwsCondylar sagMiniplatesOrthognathic surgeryTemporomandibular joint

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Orthognathic surgery corrects significant jaw discrepancies.
  • Understanding changes in mandibular condyle position is crucial for surgical outcomes.
  • Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and bimaxillary surgery are common orthognathic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze changes in mandibular condyle position after BSSO and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.
  • To compare condyle position changes between mandibular advancement and setback procedures.
  • To compare condyle position changes between bimaxillary surgery and BSSO.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 99 patients undergoing BSSO or bimaxillary surgery.
  • Preoperative and postoperative CT scans (1 day before, 6-12 months after surgery).
  • Measurement of mandibular condyle position changes in axial and sagittal planes.

Main Results:

  • Significant postoperative changes in the AB angle were observed bilaterally (p < 0.001).
  • Mandibular setback showed significantly lower ABL angle values (p = 0.011326).
  • Mandibular advancement showed significantly higher FDR values (p = 0.005795).
  • No statistically significant differences in condyle position changes were found between BSSO and bimaxillary surgery groups.

Conclusions:

  • Orthognathic surgery has a moderate effect on mandibular condyle position.
  • Condylar rotation on the transversal axis is particularly affected.
  • Further investigation is warranted to fully elucidate the impact of different orthognathic procedures on condyle position.