Bioactive compounds in pomace olive oil modulate the inflammatory response elicited by postprandial triglyceride-rich...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Immunology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Neuroinflammation, driven by microglial activation, is a key factor in Alzheimer's disease.
• Dietary bioactive molecules may offer a strategy to modulate microglial responses and reduce neuroinflammation.
• Pomace olive oil (POO) is rich in bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if lipophilic bioactive molecules in pomace olive oil (POO), transported via triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), can modulate microglial inflammatory responses.
• To compare the effects of POO against high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) on microglial function postprandially.
• To assess the impact of POO consumption on glycemic control and TRL clearance.

Main Methods:

• A randomized crossover postprandial trial involving 18 healthy young women.
• Isolation of TRLs from blood at baseline, 2, and 4 hours postprandial after consuming POO or HOSO.
• Treatment of BV-2 microglial cells with isolated TRLs to assess modulation of inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

• Postprandial TRLs derived from POO intake modulated microglial inflammatory response compared to HOSO.
• POO-derived TRLs reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and nitric oxide.
• POO consumption improved glycemic control and TRL clearance postprandially compared to HOSO.

Conclusions:

• Consuming POO yields postprandial TRLs with lipophilic bioactive compounds that regulate microglial activation and neuroinflammation.
• POO demonstrates potential as a dietary intervention to mitigate neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease.
• POO consumption offers benefits beyond neuroinflammation, including improved glycemic control and lipid metabolism.