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Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism in 12-year-old children: A population-based cohort

Karin Fast1,2, Elisabet Wentz3, Josefine Roswall1,4

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|September 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Maternal obesity during pregnancy significantly increases a child's risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Preterm birth also correlates with ADHD diagnosis, highlighting the importance of prenatal health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • Understanding their prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of ADHD and ASD in a Swedish birth cohort.
  • To investigate the correlation between prenatal and perinatal factors and the risk of ADHD and ASD.
  • To test the hypothesis that preterm birth, preeclampsia, or maternal overweight increases the risk of ADHD or ASD.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study of 2666 children in Sweden, followed from birth.
  • Data collected from national registries for perinatal status and diagnoses at age 12.
  • Parental and perinatal data were analyzed in relation to ADHD and ASD diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of ADHD was 7.6% and ASD was 1.1%.
  • Maternal obesity in early pregnancy was associated with a three-fold increased risk of ADHD.
  • Paternal obesity showed a two-fold increased risk for ADHD, even after adjusting for confounders. ASD prevalence was too low for risk factor analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Study findings align with previous research on ADHD and ASD prevalence and sex ratios.
  • Maternal body mass index and preterm birth are significant risk factors for ADHD diagnosis by age 12.
  • Further research is needed to explore ASD risk factors due to low prevalence in this cohort.
Abstract

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