The evolution of endobronchial ultrasound usage in modern era

Over the past two decades, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has become a crucial tool for diagnosing pulmonary diseases. The most common indication of EBUS usage is the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Additionally, there have been significant improvements in the application of convex probe EBUS in line with the increase in experience and knowledge about EBUS and the developments in medicine and technology. To enhance diagnostic accuracy and acquire larger tissue samples, techniques such as cryo-biopsy guided by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and intranodal forceps biopsy have been developed. Additionally, elastography functionality has been integrated into the EBUS application to improve the assessment of targeted lesions. Moreover, its utilization for evaluating and sampling pulmonary vascular structures has expanded. It has also found applications in guiding intratumoral therapy, positioning fiducial markers, and facilitating the drainage of pleural or pericardial effusions. This review aims to provide an overview of the extended applications of convex probe EBUS beyond its conventional uses.