Sleep disorders during pregnancy: an underestimated risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus

Sleep disorders are highly prevalent during pregnancy and significantly affect women's health and quality of life. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy and constitutes a significant risk factor for both mother and fetus in the short and the long term. While the association between sleep disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is indisputable, it is not clear whether there is a link between sleep disorders and GDM. The aim of this article was to investigate the association between sleep disorders and GDM and whether the treatment of sleep disorders may prevent GDM development. Insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and narcolepsy were the most common sleep disorders identified during pregnancy and were related to poor sleep quality and short or prolonged sleep duration. They were all associated with an increased risk of GDM. The ideal sleep duration for pregnant women was determined at 8-9 h daily. In conclusion, sleep disorders constitute a risk factor for GDM. It is imperative that prospective studies be conducted to evaluate the effect of the early management of sleep disorders on GDM manifestation and control. Healthcare providers should highlight the importance of sufficient sleep to reinforce pregnancy outcomes.