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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA
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Protein-based delivery systems for RNA delivery.

Haichao Zhu1, Hong Luo1, Ruilong Chang1

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|September 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Protein carriers offer a promising solution for delivering RNA therapeutics, overcoming challenges like degradation and immune responses associated with other methods. This review explores protein-based delivery systems for advanced RNA drug development.

Keywords:
Delivery vectorsProtein carriersRNA delivery challengesRNA drugRNA-based therapeutics

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • RNA therapeutics offer versatile applications for treating diseases by modulating gene expression.
  • Efficient delivery of RNA molecules into cells remains a significant challenge due to their inherent properties and susceptibility to degradation.
  • Current delivery vectors, including viral and non-viral systems, face limitations such as immunogenicity and off-target effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review currently marketed RNA drugs and highlight the critical need for advanced RNA delivery vector development.
  • To define the essential characteristics of an ideal RNA delivery vector for therapeutic applications.
  • To introduce and discuss existing protein-based carriers for RNA delivery, evaluating their potential advantages.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of RNA-based therapeutics and delivery systems.
  • Analysis of challenges associated with RNA molecule delivery.
  • Evaluation of protein-based carriers in comparison to other delivery systems like lipid nanoparticles.
  • Discussion of the properties and potential of various protein carriers for RNA delivery.

Main Results:

  • Protein-based delivery systems show potential in overcoming limitations of nanoparticle-based systems, such as liver accumulation and immunogenicity.
  • Several protein carriers are being explored for their efficacy in delivering RNA therapeutics.
  • The development of effective RNA delivery vectors is crucial for the success of RNA-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Protein carriers represent a significant advancement in RNA delivery technology, offering a potentially safer and more effective alternative.
  • Further research into protein-based delivery vectors is essential for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of RNA-based drugs.
  • This review provides a foundational reference for developing next-generation protein-based delivery systems for RNA therapeutics.