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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods

Published on: March 1, 2024

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Experience-dependent tuning of the olfactory system.

Nicolás Pírez1, Martín Klappenbach1, Fernando F Locatelli1

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, CONICET, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
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Summary

Insect olfactory systems adapt to better detect important scents amidst environmental noise. Experience-dependent changes in olfactory receptor neurons and antennal lobe circuits enhance odor perception for crucial decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory system research
  • Insect behavior

Background:

  • Insects use olfaction for vital behaviors like foraging and reproduction.
  • Environmental odors can interfere with the perception of informative scents.
  • Effective odor recognition requires generalization and discrimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experience-dependent plasticity in the insect olfactory system.
  • To highlight how these changes improve the detection of relevant odors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on insect olfaction.
  • Analysis of neural mechanisms in the olfactory system.
  • Discussion of experience-dependent modifications.

Main Results:

  • The first two layers of the olfactory system (olfactory receptor neurons and antennal lobe) are crucial for odor representation.
  • Experience-dependent changes occur at these initial processing levels.
  • These neural adjustments enhance the ability to distinguish and detect informative odors.

Conclusions:

  • Plasticity in early olfactory processing is key for insects to navigate complex odor landscapes.
  • Experience refines the insect olfactory system, improving survival and reproductive success.