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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Gene Flow02:39

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Environmental forcing alters fisheries selection.

Davide Thambithurai1, Anna Kuparinen2

  • 1MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|September 24, 2023
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Fishing-induced evolution impacts fish populations. This study introduces the fishery selection continuum and reaction norms to understand how fishing shapes fish traits dynamically within changing environments.

Keywords:
FIEanthropogenic selectioncontemporary evolutionfisheries selection continuumfishing-induced evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Fishing-induced evolution (FIE) poses significant threats to fish populations' ecology, resilience, and economic value.
  • The influence of environmental factors (abiotic and biotic perturbations) on selection mechanisms in FIE has been underappreciated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of the fishery selection continuum, ranging from rigid to flexible fisheries selection.
  • To explore how FIE operates across this continuum and identify the flexibility of selective processes.
  • To present fishery reaction norms for conceptualizing dynamic FIE in changing environmental contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development: fishery selection continuum and fishery reaction norms.
  • Analysis of selective processes under varying environmental conditions.
  • Integration of ecological and evolutionary perspectives to study FIE.

Main Results:

  • The fishery selection continuum illustrates a spectrum of selection rigidity and flexibility in response to fishing.
  • Fishery reaction norms provide a dynamic framework for understanding FIE.
  • Environmental conditions significantly modulate the mechanisms and outcomes of FIE.

Conclusions:

  • An integrative approach is crucial for studying FIE, considering the environmental context.
  • Understanding the fishery selection continuum and reaction norms enhances our ability to manage fisheries sustainably.
  • Future research should focus on dynamic and context-dependent aspects of fishing-induced evolution.