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Testing the Genomic Shock Hypothesis Using Transposable Element Expression in Yeast Hybrids.

Marika Drouin1,2,3,4, Mathieu Hénault1,2,3,4, Johan Hallin1,2,3,4,5

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Hybridization does not systematically increase transposable element (TE) expression in yeast. While some TE families showed altered expression or translation in specific yeast hybrids, overall activity remained largely unchanged, indicating strain and TE-specific impacts.

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RNA sequencingdifferential expression analysisgenomic shockhybridizationretrotransposontransposable elementyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences that can cause mutations and alter gene expression.
  • Interspecific hybrids often exhibit disrupted TE repression, leading to TE propagation.
  • Previous yeast studies found no increase in TE transposition rates in hybrids, but TE expression was not fully examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether total expression of transposable element (TE) families increases in yeast hybrids compared to parental species.
  • To analyze the transcriptional and translational activity of LTR retrotransposons (Ty elements) in Saccharomyces hybrids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized public RNA-seq and ribosomal profiling data from artificial yeast hybrids (Saccharomyces genus).
  • Performed differential expression analysis on LTR retrotransposons (Ty elements).
  • Assessed mRNA levels and translation efficiency of Ty elements in hybrids and parental strains.

Main Results:

  • Overall, Ty elements were generally not differentially expressed in yeast hybrids, even under stress conditions.
  • Only a small number of Ty families showed significantly higher (2/26) or lower (3/26) expression in specific hybrids (S. cerevisiae × S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae x S. paradoxus).
  • Translation efficiency of Ty elements was similar in hybrids and parents, with a notable exception of higher efficiency for Ty1_cer in S. cerevisiae × S. paradoxus hybrids.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization does not appear to be a systematic trigger for increased TE expression in yeast.
  • The impact of hybridization on TE activity is specific to the yeast strain and the particular TE family.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nuanced interactions between hybridization and TE regulation in different organisms.