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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Executive Functions and Public Health: A Narrative Review.

Mina Esmaili1, Dariush D Farhud2,3, Kambiz Poushaneh1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran.

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Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for daily functioning and mental health. Enhancing EFs can predict healthier behaviors and improve overall well-being, benefiting both individuals and society.

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Executive dysfunctionsExecutive functionsMental healthPublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are vital for self-regulation, impacting daily life.
  • Executive dysfunction (EDFs) is linked to various mental health disorders.
  • Mental and physical health are interconnected, with significant societal costs associated with mental illness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between executive functions and public health.
  • To explore how EFs influence health behaviors and outcomes.
  • To highlight the societal impact of executive dysfunction and mental health.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of 133 articles published between 2018 and 2023.
  • Analysis of studies examining the role of EFs in mental and physical health.
  • Synthesis of research on the public health implications of executive function.

Main Results:

  • Executive functions significantly impact both mental and physical health.
  • Stronger EFs are associated with better health behaviors and outcomes.
  • Executive dysfunction contributes to the burden of mental disorders on society.

Conclusions:

  • Executive functions are critical determinants of individual and public health.
  • Interventions targeting EFs may improve health behaviors and reduce societal costs.
  • A holistic, global approach to mental health, considering EFs, is essential for overall well-being.