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Organization of the Brain01:30

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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Functional connectome through the human life span.

Lianglong Sun1,2,3, Tengda Zhao1,2,3, Xinyuan Liang1,2,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human brain

Keywords:
brain atlasbrain chartconnectomicsfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The lifespan development of the functional connectome, a network of brain regions, is not well understood.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively mapped brain network evolution across the entire human lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the lifespan trajectory of the functional connectome.
  • To establish normative models of brain network development and aging.
  • To identify individual variations in brain networks in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized task-free functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI and sMRI) data from 33,250 individuals.
  • Analyzed data spanning from 32 postmenstrual weeks to 80 years of age.
  • Constructed lifespan-wide, system-level brain atlases to examine functional segregation and connectivity patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified nonlinear growth curves for the functional connectome's global mean and variance, with peaks in the late 30s and late 20s, respectively.
  • Demonstrated distinct maturation timelines for functional segregation across different brain systems.
  • Revealed a primary-to-association cortical axis organizing lifespan growth of regional connectivity.
  • Observed significant individual differences in functional brain networks among individuals with autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive map of functional connectome evolution across the human lifespan.
  • Established normative models can aid in quantifying individual brain network variations in development, aging, and disease.
  • Findings highlight critical periods of brain network maturation and highlight heterogeneity in neuropsychiatric conditions.