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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Author Spotlight: Developing Synthetic Cells from Programmable Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures
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Reentrant DNA shells tune polyphosphate condensate size.

Ravi Chawla1, Jenna K A Tom1, Tumara Boyd1

  • 1Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|September 25, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA influences polyphosphate-magnesium condensates, forming shells that alter their size and structure. This interaction is crucial for understanding how these condensates interact with bacterial chromatin under stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Polyphosphate (polyP), an inorganic biopolymer, is found across all life domains and influences cellular functions.
  • PolyP often associates with chromatin, forming magnesium-enriched condensates in bacterial nucleoids, especially during stress.
  • The physical interactions between polyP, DNA, and magnesium ions are not well understood.

Conclusions:

  • The polyP-Mg2+-DNA system forms a tunable interaction hub with implications for cellular processes.
  • These findings shed light on polyP granule composition, consolidation, and chromatin remodeling under stress.
  • The study provides a foundation for understanding the role of polyP condensates in cellular organization and response.