Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

42.0K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
42.0K
Determination01:51

Determination

18.6K
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
18.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intrinsic coordination of dynamic molecular signatures shape the human prefrontal cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Glutamatergic neuron-tumor synapses shape human glioblastoma cell states through radial glia plasticity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Predictable clonal hierarchies from restricted progenitors provide a framework for cell type-specific therapies in glioblastoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

IL6 Supports Development of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Resistance to Therapy in Glioblastoma.

Cancer research·2026
Same author

An integrative single-nucleus multiomic atlas of the human left ventricle identifies gene regulatory network dynamics across cardiac development, aging, and disease.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

A Framework to Decipher and Report Implementation Strategies and Pragmatic Attributes of Trial Design Domains From Pre-Implementation Studies Identified From a Systematic Review: A Methodological Study.

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex
09:55

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

Published on: September 5, 2018

8.4K

A Meta-Atlas of the Developing Human Cortex Identifies Modules Driving Cell Subtype Specification.

Patricia R Nano, Elisa Fazzari, Daria Azizad

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |September 25, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers mapped human brain development using gene co-expression networks, identifying key factors like FEZF2 and TSHZ3 essential for deep layer neuron formation and cell fate specification.

    More Related Videos

    2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
    14:19

    2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

    Published on: March 25, 2022

    4.0K
    Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
    08:49

    Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

    Published on: January 22, 2018

    13.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

    Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex
    09:55

    Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

    Published on: September 5, 2018

    8.4K
    2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
    14:19

    2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

    Published on: March 25, 2022

    4.0K
    Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
    08:49

    Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

    Published on: January 22, 2018

    13.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Human brain development involves generating diverse cell types.
    • Single-cell transcriptomic profiling is a key technology for studying this process.
    • Understanding gene co-expression networks is crucial for deciphering developmental mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To create a comprehensive atlas of gene co-expression networks (meta-modules) for human cortical development.
    • To identify specific gene networks and transcription factors involved in cell type specification.
    • To validate the role of identified factors in human cortical organoids.

    Main Methods:

    • Meta-analysis of seven single-cell transcriptomic datasets.
    • Generation of 225 gene co-expression meta-modules.
    • Validation of spatiotemporal expression in human cortical tissues.
    • Functional experiments using human cortical organoids.

    Main Results:

    • Identified 225 meta-modules potentially regulating cortical development.
    • Validated spatiotemporal expression of several meta-modules in human tissues.
    • Meta-module 20, linked to FEZF2+ deep layer neurons, includes TSHZ3 as a putative FEZF2 target.
    • FEZF2 and TSHZ3 were confirmed as necessary for deep layer neuron specification in organoids.

    Conclusions:

    • The meta-atlas provides a valuable resource for studying human cortical development.
    • FEZF2 and TSHZ3 play critical roles in deep layer neuron specification.
    • Subtle genetic manipulations can lead to significant cell fate changes, highlighting the sensitivity of developmental pathways.