Microstructure characterization, phase transition, and device application of phase-change memory materials

Kai Jiang1,2, Shubing Li2, Fangfang Chen1

  • 1School of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China.

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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