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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.3K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.3K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.2K
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

8.2K
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
8.2K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

17.2K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
17.2K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

825
A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
825

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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

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Microstructure characterization, phase transition, and device application of phase-change memory materials.

Kai Jiang1,2, Shubing Li2, Fangfang Chen1

  • 1School of Arts and Sciences, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a novel non-volatile storage technology. This review covers PCM materials, device mechanics, modeling, and experimental characterization, addressing current challenges and future research directions.

Keywords:
Phase-change memoryflexible devicesin-situ characterizationstructural regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computer Engineering
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Phase-change memory (PCM) is an emerging non-volatile memory technology.
  • PCM is being explored for advanced computing paradigms like neuromorphic and in-memory computing.
  • Existing PCM devices face challenges in electrical, thermal, and structural dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of phase-change memory materials.
  • To detail the fundamental mechanics of PCM device operations.
  • To identify and discuss current challenges and future research avenues in PCM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PCM materials and devices.
  • Analysis of primary PCM device mechanics for read/write operations.
  • Examination of physics-based modeling and experimental characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of various PCM materials.
  • Explanation of the physics governing PCM device operation.
  • Identification of key concerns in electrical, thermal, and structural dynamics.
  • Summary of modeling and characterization approaches.

Conclusions:

  • PCM technology holds significant promise for next-generation computing.
  • Further research is needed to address the dynamics and reliability of PCM devices.
  • Future work should focus on overcoming current challenges for widespread adoption.