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The emerging threat antifungal-resistant Candida tropicalis in humans, animals, and environment

Ricardo Lima1, Felipe C Ribeiro1, Arnaldo L Colombo1

  • 1Special Mycology Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Fungal Biology
|September 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Antifungal resistance in Candida tropicalis is a growing global concern. This review examines resistance mechanisms and spread across humans, animals, and the environment using an "One Health" perspective.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antifungal resistance is a significant emerging threat in human, animal, and environmental health.
  • Candida tropicalis is a widespread fungal species causing infections, particularly candidemia in Asia and Latin America, with high mortality rates.
  • Fluconazole resistance and clonal spread of C. tropicalis have been observed in various regions, with concerning reports from Brazil regarding azole resistance in animals and the environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current knowledge on antifungal resistance in Candida tropicalis.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying antifungal resistance in C. tropicalis.
  • To adopt an "One Health" approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental perspectives on C. tropicalis antifungal resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Candida tropicalis antifungal resistance.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of resistance.
  • Integration of data from clinical, animal, and environmental sources.

Main Results:

  • Candida tropicalis exhibits diverse adaptive mechanisms for developing antifungal resistance.
  • Fluconazole resistance is prevalent in certain geographic areas, notably Asia.
  • Multidrug resistance in C. tropicalis is currently rare but increasing, posing a significant clinical concern.

Conclusions:

  • Candida tropicalis possesses a complex molecular apparatus for antifungal resistance.
  • The spread of resistant strains across human, animal, and environmental reservoirs necessitates a coordinated "One Health" strategy.
  • Continued surveillance and research are crucial to combat the rising threat of antifungal resistance in C. tropicalis.
Keywords:
Candida tropicalisanimalsenvironmenthumansresistance

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