Candida Costochondritis Induced by Traumatic Small Bowel Perforation: A Case Report

Candida osteomyelitis is a manifestation of invasive candidiasis. The common sites of infection are the vertebra, sternum, and femur, whereas infection of the rib cartilage is very rare. In the present case, candida costochondritis developed after traumatic small-bowel perforation. An 82-year-old man was involved in a traffic accident while walking. His past medical history was insignificant. He was diagnosed with a pelvic fracture and perforation of the small intestine and underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the pelvic fracture and an enterectomy. Three months after the injury, swelling was observed in the right anterior thoracic region. Swelling was treated by incision and drainage but persisted in the form of infected granulation tissue. Debridement, including rib cartilage removal, was done. Biopsy and culture of the removed granulation tissue and cartilage tissue confirmed candida costochondritis. Fluconazole was administered for six months. No recurrence has been observed in the seven months postoperatively. Candida costochondritis is rare but is often refractory and requires extensive debridement in addition to the administration of antifungal agents. This disease should be included in the differential diagnosis when pain, erythema, swelling, skin ulceration, or infected granulation is found on affected costal cartilages.