Single-atom site catalysis in Li-S batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer high theoretical energy density, making them promising for next-generation energy storage.
• Academic progress in Li-S batteries has been significant, with recent focus shifting towards practical application challenges.
• Practical Li-S battery applications require high sulfur cathode loading and optimized electrolyte levels, necessitating advanced electrode catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the kinetic mechanism of sulfur (S) cathodes in Li-S batteries.
• To explain the concept and synthesis strategies of single-atom site catalysts (SASCs).
• To systematically review the progress of SASCs in S cathodes and related functional interlayers/separators.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of research progress on SASCs for Li-S batteries.
• Analysis of kinetic mechanisms in S cathodes.
• Discussion of synthesis strategies for SASCs.

Main Results:

• Single-atom site catalysts (SASCs) demonstrate high activity and catalytic site utilization, ideal for Li-S battery commercialization.
• SASCs show significant potential for improving the performance of S cathodes.
• Research has advanced the understanding and application of SASCs in functional interlayers and separators for Li-S batteries.

Conclusions:

• SASCs are crucial for overcoming practical application hurdles in Li-S batteries.
• The review highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with SASCs in Li-S battery technology.
• Future research should focus on further developing and optimizing SASCs for commercial Li-S battery systems.