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Abdominal compartment syndrome: what radiologist needs to know
Martina Caruso1, Chiara Rinaldo2, Francesca Iacobellis2
1Department of General and Emergency Radiology, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy. caruso.martina90@gmail.com.
La Radiologia Medica
|September 25, 2023
Summary
Early detection of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is crucial. Computed tomography (CT) aids in identifying conditions leading to IAH/ACS when direct measurement is not feasible.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Radiology
- Surgical Pathology
Background:
- Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are critical conditions with high mortality rates.
- IAH, defined as intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) >12 mmHg, can lead to organ dysfunction and ACS (IAP >20 mmHg).
- Causes include increased intra-abdominal volume or decreased abdominal wall compliance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis, clinical features, and radiological findings of ACS.
- To highlight the role of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing conditions associated with IAH/ACS.
- To guide radiologists in suspecting IAH/ACS in critically ill patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on IAH and ACS.
- Focus on radiological findings from computed tomography (CT).
- Discussion of diagnostic challenges and alternative methods.
Main Results:
- IAH can cause decreased venous return, low cardiac output, renal impairment, and respiratory compromise.
- CT can detect and characterize underlying pathologies contributing to IAH.
- Radiological findings can prompt suspicion of IAH/ACS.
Conclusions:
- Early recognition of IAH/ACS is vital for patient survival.
- CT imaging is a valuable tool for diagnosing conditions leading to IAH/ACS when direct pressure measurement is difficult.
- Radiologists play a key role in identifying patients at risk for IAH/ACS.
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