Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blinding01:11

Blinding

2.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.5K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

7.0K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
7.0K
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

10.6K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
10.6K
Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

7.8K
When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
7.8K
Experimental Designs01:16

Experimental Designs

11.5K
An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
11.5K
What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

11.7K
An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
11.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

What helps and hinders reproducible research? Researchers' perspectives from a cross-disciplinary interview study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

A tutorial for software options to aid in assessing functional relations in single-case experimental designs.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same author

Persons suffering from severe and persistent mental illness with a persistent death wish: A cross-sectional study of the Reakiro care model.

PLOS mental health·2026
Same author

Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment for Parents With Health Anxiety by Proxy: Replicated Randomized Single-Case Experimental Design.

JMIR formative research·2025
Same author

Evaluation of a Parenting Program for Mothers With a Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Single-Case Experimental Design Study.

Evaluation & the health professions·2024
Same author

Harnessing Available Evidence in Single-Case Experimental Studies: The Use of Multilevel Meta-Analysis.

Psychologica Belgica·2024
Same journal

Publisher Correction: Towards a quantifiable measure of orthographic congruence between two languages.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same journal

Cognitive mechanism of creative thinking: Integrating the semantic network and spreading activation model.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same journal

A tutorial on causal network simulation and exploration using the causalnet R package.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same journal

Analyzing multidimensional formal dynamic models in psychology: A tutorial using graphical tools.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same journal

Reliability, bias, and computational cost of estimating the Bayes factor using bridge sampling and the Savage-Dickey density ratio.

Behavior research methods·2026
Same journal

A comparison of multivariate and univariate meta-analysis.

Behavior research methods·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

7.3K

Testing delayed, gradual, and temporary treatment effects in randomized single-case experiments: A general response

Rumen Manolov1, Patrick Onghena2

  • 1Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. rrumenov13@ub.edu.

Behavior Research Methods
|September 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Randomization tests now accommodate complex treatment effects beyond simple level changes. This framework enhances statistical analysis for delayed, gradual, or temporary effects in single-case experiments.

Keywords:
ImmediacyLatencyRandomizationSingle-case experimental designs

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research
05:03

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

4.1K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats
08:06

Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

Published on: June 18, 2018

7.3K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research
05:03

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

4.1K
Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

20.9K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Statistics
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Randomization tests are crucial for analyzing single-case experiments.
  • Traditional methods primarily detect immediate, abrupt, and permanent treatment effects.
  • Complex effects like delayed, gradual, or temporary responses pose analytical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a flexible framework for randomization tests.
  • To develop test statistics sensitive to diverse treatment effect patterns.
  • To accommodate varying latencies, gradualness, and durations of effects.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general framework for specifying test statistics in randomization tests.
  • Incorporated predicted response functions to capture complex effect patterns.
  • Utilized real data for empirical illustrations.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework successfully detects a wider range of treatment effects.
  • It is sensitive to variations in effect latency, gradualness, and duration.
  • A user-friendly web application is available for implementation.

Conclusions:

  • This framework expands the applicability of randomization tests in single-case research.
  • It provides a robust method for analyzing complex and varied treatment effects.
  • The tool facilitates more nuanced understanding of treatment responses.