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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: January 15, 2015

Optically Programmable Living Microrouter in Vivo.

Xiaoshuai Liu¹, Huaying Wu¹, Shuai Wu¹

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|September 26, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a biocompatible microrouter using red blood cells (RBCs) and optical tweezers. This living microrobot can precisely route various targets, including cells and nanodrugs, for medical applications.

Keywords:

drug delivery nanotherapeutics optical tweezers programmable medical micromachines red blood cells

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Microrobotics
Biocompatible Materials

Background:

Programmable medical micromachines (PMMs) offer high reconfigurability for complex tasks but face biocompatibility challenges due to exogenous components.
Developing biocompatible microrobots is crucial for in-body applications like targeted drug delivery and cell manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a novel living microrouter system for precise biological target routing.
To overcome the biocompatibility limitations of traditional exogenous PMMs.

Main Methods:

Integration of endogenous red blood cells (RBCs) with programmable scanning optical tweezers and an optofluidic strategy.
Utilizing optical force landscapes to control RBC rotation and generate actuation flow for hydrodynamic forces.
Implementing a three-function system: dynamic input, inner processing, and controlled output for selective routing.

Main Results:

Demonstrated selective routing of various biological targets, including blood cells and nanodrugs.
Successfully transported platelets and white blood cells to damaged vessels for hemostasis and debris clearance.
Achieved precise, large-quantity transport of nanodrugs for targeted delivery.

Conclusions:

The developed RBC microrouter offers a biocompatible platform for advanced microrobotic applications.
Potential applications include cell separation, targeted drug delivery, and immunotherapy.
This approach paves the way for organic integration of biological components in microrobotics.