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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Giant Cell Arteritis Masquerading As Migraine: A Case Report.

Sujata Devi1, Anil Dash1, Suvendu Purkait2

  • 1Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND.

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|September 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a form of vasculitis, can cause chronic headaches in the elderly. Early diagnosis through temporal artery biopsy is crucial for effective steroid treatment and preventing complications.

Keywords:
giant cell arteritisgiant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumaticamigrainemigraine headachestemporal arteritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis impacting large and medium-sized arteries.
  • It is a leading cause of secondary headaches in the elderly population.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe complications such as vision loss.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old male presented with a year of chronic headaches, initially misdiagnosed as migraine due to symptom overlap.
  • Physical examination revealed bilateral, large, tortuous temporal arteries.
  • Key physical findings like scalp tenderness, diminished pulsations, or skin changes were absent.

Findings:

  • Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.
  • The patient was successfully treated with corticosteroids.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of including GCA in the differential diagnosis for new-onset or worsening headaches in elderly patients.
  • Highlighting the need for a high index of suspicion for GCA, even in the absence of classic physical examination findings.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of timely diagnosis and appropriate management of GCA to improve patient outcomes and prevent irreversible damage.