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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Non-coding RNAs' function in cancer development, diagnosis and therapy.

XinYi Zhang1, Xiaoqing Xu2, Jiajia Song1

  • 1Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou 213017, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu university, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators in cancer development, influencing processes at multiple levels. This review highlights their potential as novel cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
CancerDevelopmentDiagnosisFunctionNon-coding RNATherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Traditional cancer research focused on protein-coding genes.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute over 95% of human transcripts and play vital regulatory roles.
  • ncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their involvement in cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on various ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, piRNAs, tRNA) in cancer.
  • To explore the application of ncRNAs in understanding cancer development.
  • To identify ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and tumor biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ncRNAs in cancer.
  • Analysis of ncRNA roles at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels.
  • Focus on specific ncRNA types: miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, piRNAs, and tRNA.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer.
  • ncRNAs regulate tumor development through diverse mechanisms.
  • Clinical trials are investigating ncRNAs for biomarker and therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are critical players in cancer biology and progression.
  • ncRNAs hold significant promise as novel cancer biomarkers.
  • Targeting ncRNAs represents a promising strategy for cancer therapy.