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Virtual Visits for Developmental Screening in High-Risk Infants.

Madhangi Jayaraman1, Mandhir Gupta1, Ninu Varghese1

  • 1Kaiser Permanente, Downey, CA, USA.

The Permanente Journal
|September 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Virtual visits for high-risk infants are as effective as in-person visits for developmental assessments and referrals to therapy services. This study shows virtual care can maintain follow-up and service access for neonatal intensive care unit graduates.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric development
  • Telehealth effectiveness

Background:

  • The High-Risk Infant Follow-Up program identifies developmental delays in neonatal intensive care unit graduates.
  • Referrals are made to physical, occupational, and speech therapy, and California Regional Center services.
  • During the COVID-19 pandemic, assessments were conducted via video visits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare enrollment and referral rates for therapies and Regional Center services between virtual and in-person developmental assessments.
  • To evaluate the impact of virtual visits on follow-up completion for high-risk infants.

Main Methods:

  • Infants in the High-Risk Infant Follow-Up program (March 2020-March 2021) were assessed at 6, 12, and 18 months adjusted age.
  • Compared rates of service enrollment and referral between virtual and in-person assessment groups.

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  • Assessed completion rates for all three developmental assessments based on initial visit type.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences were found in enrollment or referral rates for therapy or Regional Center services.
    • Referral rates were 8.6% for in-person visits and 10.9% for virtual visits (p=0.49).
    • Infants whose first visit was virtual were equally likely to complete all three assessments.

    Conclusions:

    • Virtual visits proved effective, demonstrating no loss of follow-up and comparable referral rates to in-person visits.
    • The COVID-19 pandemic's stay-at-home orders facilitated a natural experiment validating virtual assessment effectiveness.
    • While virtual visits offer convenience, further research is needed to fully understand their utility.