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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Pheochromocytoma-Induced Hypertension After Traumatic Brain Injury.

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  • 1Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, USA.

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A motor vehicle accident triggered pheochromocytoma symptoms in a young woman, mimicking mild traumatic brain injury. Early diagnosis and treatment resolved her headache, anxiety, and dizziness.

Keywords:
brain injury rehabhypertensionmotor vehicle accidentspheochromocytomatraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its associated symptoms can present challenges in diagnosis.
  • Pheochromocytoma, a rare adrenal tumor, can cause a wide range of nonspecific symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 23-year-old female experienced headache, anxiety, and dizziness post-motor vehicle accident, initially diagnosed as mild TBI.
  • Elevated urine and plasma metanephrines were detected, prompting further investigation.
  • Abdominal CT revealed a pheochromocytoma, a rare adrenal tumor.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms, including hypertension, headache, anxiety, and dizziness, were consistent with both TBI and pheochromocytoma.
  • Surgical removal of the pheochromocytoma led to complete symptom resolution.
  • The physical and psychological stress of the accident likely unmasked or precipitated the pheochromocytoma.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering pheochromocytoma in patients presenting with TBI-like symptoms, especially with unexplained hypertension.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for secondary causes of symptoms in post-traumatic patients.
  • Integrated diagnostic approaches are crucial for managing complex post-traumatic presentations.