Dynamic functional connectivity changes associated with decreased memory performance in betel quid dependence.
Yihao Guo1, Xiaoling Xu1, Tiansheng Li1
1Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China.
Addiction Biology
|September 27, 2023
Summary
Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) temporal properties, specifically mean dwell time (MDT), are linked to memory deficits in betel quid dependence (BQD). These findings offer insights into memory disorders associated with BQD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Addiction Research
Background:
- Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) temporal variability is a potential biomarker for cognitive dysfunction.
- Betel quid dependence (BQD) is associated with cognitive impairments, particularly memory deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between temporal properties of dFC and memory performance in individuals with BQD.
- To compare dFC temporal characteristics between BQD individuals and healthy controls (HCs).
Main Methods:
- fMRI data were acquired from 64 BQD individuals and 47 HCs.
- dFC was calculated using sliding window correlations and clustered into three states via k-means clustering.
- Temporal properties, including mean dwell time (MDT) and fraction of time in each state, were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in MDT (State 3) and fraction of time (State 2) were observed between BQD and HC groups.
- MDT in State 1 negatively correlated with long and short delay free recall.
- MDT in State 3 positively correlated with false positives in long delay recall.
Conclusions:
- dFC temporal properties, particularly MDT, are associated with memory performance in BQD.
- These findings suggest potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying memory disorders in BQD.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
147
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
147
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
142
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
142
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
464
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
464
01:26Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
861
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
861
01:03Long-term Depression
2.6K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
2.6K
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
85
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
85