COVID-19 and the Nervous System from a Cuban Experience.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Immunology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2, exhibit neurotropism and neuroinvasiveness, impacting the nervous system through immunological reactions.
• The precise mechanisms of neuroinvasion, brain injury, and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae following viral infections remain incompletely understood.
• Post-infectious manifestations of COVID-19 necessitate comprehensive study to guide the management of associated neuropsychiatric diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize research on the impact of COVID-19 on the nervous system, focusing on neuropsychiatric manifestations.
• To consolidate findings from Cuban authors regarding cognitive, emotional, and neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• To explore pathogenesis, biomarkers, clinical presentations, and potential intervention strategies for COVID-19-related neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of published articles by Cuban research groups focusing on COVID-19 and the nervous system.
• Analysis of studies examining cognitive and affective-emotional states post-infection.
• Synthesis of information on pathogenesis, biomarkers, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• COVID-19 profoundly affects the nervous system, leading to diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations.
• Immunological reactions play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
• Research highlights the need for further understanding of neuroinvasion and long-term sequelae.

Conclusions:

• A deeper understanding of post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric manifestations is essential for clinical management.
• Novel therapeutic strategies, potentially including vaccination, show promise for recovery and reducing mortality.
• Continued research into the neurobiology of viral infections is critical for advancing patient care.