A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Capsaicinoids and Its Application in the Identification of Illegal...

Capsaicinoids, mostly from chili peppers, are widely used in daily life. Capsaicinoids are considered to be markers for the identification of illegal cooking oil (ICO), which is a serious threat to public health. The identification of capsaicinoids can help reveal food-related fraud, thereby safeguarding consumers' health. Here, a novel and ultrasensitive method was established with a signal amplification strategy for the detection of capsaicinoids. AuNPs@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites were functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol (4-atp). After diazotization, 4-atp on AuNPs@Fe₃O₄ reacted with capsaicinoids and formed capsaicinoids-azo-atp-AuNPs@Fe₃O₄. Ultimately, capsaicinoids-azo-atp-AuNPs@Fe₃O₄ was dropped onto the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and detected via the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. AuNPs@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites increased the specific surface area of the electrode. Moreover, the diazotization-coupling reaction enriched the analytes on the electrode surface. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample pretreatment. Under a pH value of 9.0 and concentration of 0.20 mol/L for the supporting electrolyte, the linearity of capsaicinoids in ICO is from 0.10 to 10.00 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (S/N = 3) is 0.05 ng/mL. This method is ultra-sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective for the detection of capsaicinoids. Herein, this method provides a promising tool for the identification of ICO.