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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

Published on: January 25, 2012

Two Decades of Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry for Sensitive, High-Throughput Biosensing.

Gabrielle Kosoy¹, Benjamin L Miller^1,2

¹Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA.

|September 27, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR) is a sensitive biosensing technology utilizing thin-film interference. This review covers AIR

Keywords:

antibody microarray interferometry protein microarray reflectometry serology

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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS

Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS

Published on: May 3, 2011

Area of Science:

Biosensing technologies
Optical physics
Biomolecular detection

Background:

Arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR), developed in 2004, is a thin-film interference sensor.
AIR optimizes optical properties for total destructive interference on silicon substrates.
Key advantages include sensitivity, dynamic range, multiplexing, and high-throughput compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of AIR biosensing technologies.
To present recent advancements in AIR applications.
To highlight the versatility of AIR in biomolecular detection.

Main Methods:

Utilizes thin-film interference principles.
Optimizes parameters like angle of incidence, polarization, substrate refractive index, and thickness.
Employs various array formats including antibody, aptamer, protein, and glycan arrays.

Main Results:

AIR successfully detects antibodies against various pathogens (coronaviruses, influenza, S. aureus) and autoantigens.
Demonstrates high sensitivity for cytokine detection, comparable to ELISA and bead-based assays.
Enables differentiation of influenza strains and simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes (cytokines, small molecules) using mixed arrays.
Capable of measuring binding kinetics and affinity constants.

Conclusions:

AIR is a powerful and versatile biosensing platform.
Its sensitivity, multiplexing, and high-throughput capabilities make it suitable for diverse diagnostic and research applications.
Ongoing advancements continue to expand the utility of AIR in biomolecular analysis.