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Preptin: A New Bone Metabolic Parameter?
Maria-Christina Ungureanu1, Stefana Catalina Bilha1, Mihai Hogas2
1Endocrinology Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Insights
Preptin, a peptide co-secreted with insulin, may improve bone health and insulin sensitivity. Low preptin levels are linked to osteoporosis, suggesting its potential as a bone anabolic therapy.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Bone Metabolism
- Metabolic Regulation
Background:
- Preptin, derived from pro-IGF2, enhances glucose-mediated insulin secretion.
- Elevated preptin is observed in insulin resistance conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2M).
- Insulin and IGF2 are known anabolic bone hormones, and T2M bone exhibits altered density and microarchitecture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between preptin, bone mass, and metabolism.
- To explore preptin's effects on carbohydrate metabolism and the pancreatic-bone axis.
Main Methods:
- Review of experimental data on preptin's effects on osteoblasts and osteocalcin secretion.
- Analysis of clinical studies correlating serum preptin levels with bone mass and osteoporosis.
- Consideration of factors influencing preptin, such as glucose tolerance and physical exercise.
Main Results:
- Experimental evidence suggests preptin benefits osteoblasts and regulates osteocalcin, impacting insulin sensitivity.
- Preptin levels are influenced by glucose tolerance and exercise, both affecting bone mass.
- Clinical studies indicate low serum preptin in osteoporosis, proposing its therapeutic potential.
Conclusions:
- Preptin plays a role in energy regulation and positively impacts bone health.
- Preptin's influence on the pancreatic-bone loop warrants further investigation for therapeutic applications in bone disorders and metabolic conditions.
Abstract:
Preptin is a 34-aminoacid peptide derived from the E-peptide of pro-insulin-like growth factor 2 (pro-IGF2) that is co-secreted with insulin and upregulates glucose-mediated insulin secretion. High serum preptin levels were described in conditions associated with insulin resistance, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2M). Insulin and also IGF2 are known to be anabolic bone hormones. The "sweet bone" in T2M usually associates increased density, but altered microarchitecture. Therefore, preptin was proposed to be one of the energy regulatory hormones that positively impacts bone health. Experimental data demonstrate a beneficial impact of preptin upon the osteoblasts. Preptin also appears to regulate osteocalcin secretion, which in turn regulates insulin sensitivity. Preptin is greatly influenced by the glucose tolerance status and the level of physical exercise, both influencing the bone mass. Clinical studies describe low serum preptin concentrations in osteoporosis in both men and women, therefore opening the way towards considering preptin a potential bone anabolic therapy. The current review addresses the relationship between preptin and bone mass and metabolism in the experimental and clinical setting, also considering the effects of preptin on carbohydrate metabolism and the pancreatic-bone loop.
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