CRISPR Based Programmable RNA Editing in Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Investigating the RNA regulation landscape primarily relies on understanding how RNA-protein interactions are governed in various cell types, including neurons. Analysis of RNA-protein interactions in physiological environments warrants the development of new tools that rely on RNA manipulation. Recently, a CRISPR-based RNA-editing tool (dCas13b-ADAR2_DD ) was developed to mitigate disease-associated point mutations in cell lines. Here, we explored the targeted sequence editing potential of the tool (dCas13b-ADAR2_DD system) by adapting it to manipulate RNA function to visualize RNA editing in primary hippocampal neurons. This two-component system includes a programmable guide RNA (gRNA) complementary to the target RNA and a catalytically dead version of the Cas13b enzyme fused to ADAR. The RNA editing protocol outlined in this article relies on gRNA-dependent targeting of the dCas13b-ADAR fusion protein to the mutant form of the Dendra2 transcript. Dendra2 is not required for intrinsic cellular functioning. It was ectopically expressed for fluorescent detection as a proof-of-principle demonstration of targeted RNA editing. We first abrogated the fluorescence of Dendra2 by introducing a nonsense mutation that precludes the formation of the functional protein. To visualize the efficacy of the RNA editing in neurons, we used the dCas13b-ADAR2_DD system to edit specific nucleotides within the Dendra2 mRNA to restore the amino acid codes critical for Dendra2 fluorescence. This method lays the foundation for future studies on the dynamics of activity-induced RNA-protein interactions in neurons and can be extended to manipulate the endogenous RNome in diverse neuronal subtypes. Furthermore, this methodology will enable investigators to visualize the spatial and temporal resolution of RNA-protein interactions without altering the genomes via conventional methods. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Support Protocol: Preparation of mouse primary hippocampal culture Basic Protocol: Targeted editing of RNA.