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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Purification of Extracellular Trypanosomes, Including African, from Blood by Anion-Exchangers Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose Columns
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Trypanosomes and complement: more than one way to die?

Alexander D Cook1, Mark Carrington2, Matthew K Higgins1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU.

Trends in Parasitology
|September 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

African trypanosomes evade the immune system by using a specific receptor to interact with complement C3. This review examines evidence for how this receptor aids parasite survival during infection.

Keywords:
African trypanosomeISG65complement factor C3complement system

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Area of Science:

  • * Immunology and Parasitology: Focus on host-parasite interactions and immune evasion strategies.

Background:

  • * African trypanosomes are extracellular parasites causing significant disease burden.
  • * These parasites constantly face host immune components, including the complement system.
  • * Understanding trypanosome survival mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review existing evidence on the impact of complement on African trypanosomes.
  • * To highlight the discovery and significance of a trypanosome receptor for complement C3.
  • * To critically evaluate recent research on the structural and mechanistic role of this receptor in parasite survival.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of decades of research on complement and African trypanosomes.
  • * Analysis of studies detailing the trypanosome complement C3 receptor.
  • * Critical assessment of recent structural and mechanistic investigations.

Main Results:

  • * Evidence supports the role of complement in influencing African trypanosome infections.
  • * A specific trypanosome receptor for complement C3 has been identified.
  • * Recent studies offer insights into the structural and functional aspects of this receptor's role in immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • * The trypanosome C3 receptor is a key factor in parasite survival against complement-mediated immunity.
  • * Further structural and mechanistic studies are essential for a comprehensive understanding.
  • * Targeting this receptor could represent a novel therapeutic strategy against African trypanosomiasis.