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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Engineering High-Tortuosity 3D Gradient Structure and CFD-Assisted Multifield Analysis for Solar Interfacial

Guanru Zhao1,2,3, Xing Sun4, Gangwen Fu1

  • 1Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel 3D solar evaporator with gradient porosity. This design significantly enhances water evaporation efficiency for desalination by optimizing heat and mass transfer.

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3D, gradienthigh tortuositymultifield assistedsolar interfacial evaporation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Solar interfacial evaporation offers a sustainable solution for global freshwater scarcity.
  • While 2D evaporators localize heat, 3D evaporators enhance energy reuse and mass transport.
  • The impact of gradient porosity on 3D solar evaporator performance remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of gradient porosity in 3D solar evaporators on evaporation performance.
  • To propose a multifield assisted strategy for efficient solar evaporation using a gradient 3D structure.
  • To optimize internal pressure fields and thermal management for enhanced water transport and evaporation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a hierarchically nanostructured solar absorber with gradient porosity and high tortuosity.
  • Utilizing a multifield assisted strategy to create optimal thermal and pressure fields.
  • Employing simulation parameters to optimize structural dimensions for enhanced evaporation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed gradient 3D structure achieved high sunlight absorption and efficient photothermal conversion.
  • The porosity inhomogeneity induced a pressure gradient, enhancing water evaporation and transport.
  • Achieved a record evaporation efficiency of 165.7%, surpassing existing evaporators.

Conclusions:

  • The gradient 3D structure with optimized temperature management and pressure gradients is a valuable design for efficient 3D solar evaporators.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for seawater desalination.
  • Provides new insights for mass transfer and thermal management in solar evaporation systems.