Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Molecular Modulation by Lentivirus-Delivered Specific shRNAs in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressed Neurons
Published on: April 24, 2021
Cellular Stress: Modulator of Regulated Cell Death
Prem Prasad Lamichhane1, Parimal Samir1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
Abstract:
Cellular stress response activates a complex program of an adaptive response called integrated stress response (ISR) that can allow a cell to survive in the presence of stressors. ISR reprograms gene expression to increase the transcription and translation of stress response genes while repressing the translation of most proteins to reduce the metabolic burden. In some cases, ISR activation can lead to the assembly of a cytoplasmic membraneless compartment called stress granules (SGs). ISR and SGs can inhibit apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, suggesting that they guard against uncontrolled regulated cell death (RCD) to promote organismal homeostasis. However, ISR and SGs also allow cancer cells to survive in stressful environments, including hypoxia and during chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a great need to understand the molecular mechanism of the crosstalk between ISR and RCD. This is an active area of research and is expected to be relevant to a range of human diseases. In this review, we provided an overview of the interplay between different cellular stress responses and RCD pathways and their modulation in health and disease.
Related Concept Videos
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
Overview of Cell Death
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Apoptosis
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...

